In Metroid for the NES, there are five areas, complete with their own music and upgrades. Below is a Metroid Area Guide that will guide you through getting to all areas in Metroid.

Brinstar is the hub-world for the game, and is also the starting area. You begin your journey on the far left side of Brinstar. Brinstar also connects to every other area, excluding Ridley's Lair.
Brinstar contains the following items:

Norfair is found at the bottom of the first vertical yellow shaft in the game. This shaft connects to the vertical blue shaft via a door on the right side of the blue shaft, the only one in that room. Once you've descended all the way down said yellow shaft, go through the door on the right and keep going past the first missile pack. The elevator is on the other side of the door.
Norfair contains the following items:

Ridley's Lair is available in the second half of Norfair. From the start of Norfair, go right until you hit a vertical purple shaft. Then, descend to the bottom and bomb out the floor on the right side. Descend all the way down the next room until you see the second door on the left. Follow this route until you reach the elevator for Ridley's Lair.
Ridley's Lair contains the following items:

Kraid's Lair is available early in the game. The route to Kraid opens up as soon as you acquire bombs. The entrance is directly to the right of the starting area, in a suspiciously bombable room. The elevator will be down and to the right from this room.
Kraid's Lair contains the following items:

The entrance to Tourian is available very early on, but both Ridley and Kraid must be defeated before the player can enter. From the start of the game, go right until you reach the long vertical blue shaft. Ascend until you reach the very top, then take the door on the left. The entrance to Tourian is a few more doors to the left.
Nothing but metroids and the final boss.
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